Taking the Gonococcus-Human Relationship to a Whole New Level: Implications for the Coevolution of Microbes and Humans
نویسندگان
چکیده
While horizontal gene transfer occurs frequently among bacterial species, evidence for the transfer of DNA from host to microbe is exceptionally rare. However, the recent report by Anderson and Seifert [mBio 2(1):e00005-11, 2011] provides evidence for such an event with the finding that 11% of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains harbor a 685-bp sequence that is 98 to 100% identical to the human long interspersed nuclear element L1. While the function of this element in gonococci remains unclear, this finding significantly impacts our consideration of the coevolution of hosts and microbes, particularly that of humans and pathogens.
منابع مشابه
Lice, Humans, and Microbes
Lice are small, wingless, minor ectoparasites of mammals and birds. More than 540 blood-sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) have been described with each host having its own type of louse, suggesting the cospeciation of the lice species with their host. Among these, two lice species from two different genera infest humans: Pediculus humanus and Phthirus pubis (pubic “crab” l...
متن کاملRelationship in Broiler Breast Meat Quality and some Blood Parameters: Implications of Different Colours Clothes and Visual Human Contact
The goals of this research were to estimate the phenotypic relationship among various breat meat quality traits, blood parameters and tonic immobility from a broiler and to describe the relation among these variables. Broiler chicks were devided into different groups: (1) colour clothing groups represented four different colours as red, blue, green, and gray and (2) the chicks that were subject...
متن کاملHuman Microbiome
Humans are almost identical in their genetic pattern, but the slight differences in our DNA lead to remarkable phenotypic variation among the human population. There are a variety of microbial communities and their genes (microbiomes) in the human body that play an essential role in human health and disease. The microbes inhabiting our bodies is quite a bit more variable, with only a third of i...
متن کاملHuman Virome
Viruses are dominant entities in the biosphere and parasitize all cellular life forms. The relative abundances of different classes of viruses are dramatically different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In marine, soil and animal-associated environments, virus particles consistently outnumber cells by one to two orders of magnitude. It is estimated that 10 quintillion (1030) viral particles ...
متن کاملThe Evaluation of ICT's Effect on Generation Gap (A Case Study: Families of Garmsar Province)
Throughout the history of human being, the generations' inter-relations were of special concern. The social sciences researchers have always tried to introduce the changing patterns of relations between the elder and the youth groups, they presented two consensus and conflict theories regarding different historical periods. One important matter in humans' life is always communication. Young ...
متن کامل